France announces War on Germany
On September 3, 1939, two days after Nazi Germany invaded Poland, France formally declared war on Germany. This moment marked the beginning of France’s involvement in the Second World War, a conflict that would bring immense upheaval to the country and to Europe as a whole. The announcement was made in coordination with Britain, which also declared war on the same day, honoring the mutual defense pact with Poland.
The French government had been watching Germany’s moves with increasing alarm. The invasion of Poland by Hitler’s forces was the final provocation after years of rising tensions, broken treaties, and territorial expansion by Nazi Germany. Despite widespread public and political reluctance for another war—especially after the horrors of the First World War—France could no longer ignore its treaty obligations and the threat posed by Hitler’s aggression.
The declaration was made by French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier, who appeared on national radio to address the public. In his speech, Daladier solemnly confirmed that France was now at war with Germany. The announcement was short and grim, acknowledging the gravity of the moment. He explained that despite diplomatic efforts, Germany had refused to withdraw its forces from Poland, leaving France no choice but to act. Daladier’s tone was serious, and he did not attempt to rally public enthusiasm—he knew the French people were weary and anxious about what was to come.
The news spread quickly through newspapers, radio broadcasts, and word of mouth. In Paris and across the country, there was no immediate eruption of patriotic fervor or celebration. Instead, there was a heavy, uneasy atmosphere. Memories of the First World War were still vivid for many French citizens, and the prospect of another devastating conflict brought fear rather than excitement. Mobilization orders were issued, and reservists began reporting for duty. Posters went up in towns and villages, calling men to join their units. The military and government prepared for a long struggle.
Despite the formal declaration of war, the early months of the conflict were marked by what became known as the "Phoney War" or Drôle de guerre in French. Little actual fighting occurred on the Western Front, and life continued relatively normally for many people in France. However, the war had begun, and the reality of what lay ahead would soon become all too clear. By May 1940, Germany would launch a massive offensive through the Ardennes, leading to France's rapid defeat and occupation.
