Iraq Republican Guard

The Iraqi Republican Guard was an elite military force established in the early 1980s during the Iran-Iraq War. It was created to protect the government from external threats and to serve as a loyal counterbalance to the regular army. Over time, it grew into a powerful and politically significant force under Saddam Hussein’s control.

At its height before the 2003 U.S.-led invasion, the unit had an estimated 60,000 to 80,000 troops. In addition to this main force, a more exclusive group called the Special Republican Guard was formed, numbering around 15,000 soldiers and tasked specifically with protecting Saddam and his inner circle.

This military branch received better training, higher pay, and superior equipment compared to the regular army. It operated Soviet-made tanks such as the T-72 and T-62, BMP infantry vehicles, self-propelled artillery, surface-to-air missiles, and standard infantry weapons like the AK-47. It also had access to Scud missiles and chemical weapons, particularly during the conflicts with Iran and the Gulf War in 1991.

In combat, the unit was regarded as the most capable part of Iraq’s military. It fought some of the toughest battles against coalition forces during the Gulf War, including at Medina Ridge. Despite suffering heavy losses, it was not completely destroyed. However, by 2003, years of international sanctions and limited modernization had reduced its effectiveness, and it was quickly overwhelmed during the U.S. invasion.

Overall, this force was disciplined and loyal, often outperforming other Iraqi units. While considered effective by regional standards, it could not match the advanced technology and coordination of Western militaries. Its legacy is also marked by its role in suppressing internal uprisings and supporting Saddam’s regime.